靶向线粒体二氢硫辛酰胺转乙酰基酶驱动的氧化还原信号的新型肽诱饵以改善癌症化疗结局

Chemotherapy resistance remains a major obstacle in cancer treatment, leading to disease relapse and poor patient outcomes. Although protein acetylation is known to regulate diverse oncogenic processes, its role in therapeutic resistance is incompletely defined. Through an acetylome-based RNA interference screen, we identified mitochondrial dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (DLAT) as a key regulator of chemotherapeutic resistance. We found that DLAT promotes chemoresistance by controlling chemotherapy-induced ROS. Interaction proteomics and mutational analysis revealed that DLAT binds to and acetylates methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) at lysine 44, activating mitochondrial tetrahydrofolate metabolism and increasing 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate levels. This metabolic rewiring induces expression of the mitochondrial-encoded cytochrome c oxidase II (MT-CO2) and enhances mitochondrial oxidative capacity, thereby supporting survival under chemotherapeutic stress. Analysis of clinical tumor specimens revealed elevated DLAT signaling in patients refractory to chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy, supporting the clinical relevance of the finding. Lastly, we developed a decoy peptide, DMp39, that specifically targets DLAT and MTHFD2 signaling, thereby restoring sensitivity to chemotherapy in patient-derived xenograft models and opening a new avenue for therapeutically targeting the crucial pathway involved in chemoresistance. These groundbreaking findings establish DLAT-driven mitochondrial acetylation signaling as a therapeutic vulnerability and provide a new type of therapy that can be combined with standard chemotherapy to benefit patients whose cancers have become resistant to the regimen.